- #NUCLEAR FUSION VS FISSION FUEL SUPPLY FOR FREE#
- #NUCLEAR FUSION VS FISSION FUEL SUPPLY HOW TO#
Some studies, like Bardi, 2010, attempt to do The concept of Energy Return on Investment (EROI) formalizes Critiquesįor a robust analysis, the energy required to extract the resources needed to generate Here are expected to be conservative for the mined resources. With most minerals, as demand goes up, people prospect more and find more.
The mined uranium and thorium values are very likely to increase if demand increases. Mixed with other low-carbon energy sources like wind, solar, hydro, geothermal, etc. Of course, no serious energy planners propose using 100% of anything, so this will be
#NUCLEAR FUSION VS FISSION FUEL SUPPLY FOR FREE#
This is available for free on Windows, Linux, and Mac.įor mined uranium and non-breeders, we use It’s convenient to use the GNU units program to do
Thorium requires the use of a breeder reactor so it is to be included only once breeder. Which continuously replenishes the uranium in seawater through erosion, runoff, and There are about 6.5e13 tonnes (65 trillion) of uranium in the crust,. The average crustal concentration of uranium is about 2.8 ppm ( World Nuclear Uranium). At 0.003 ppm, this means there are about 4000 million tonnes of uranium in seawater. There are about 332 million cubic miles of water on Earth, 96.5% of it is in the oceanĪt a density of 1 gram/cm\(^3\), this comes out to 1.4 yottagrams of water, or 1.4e21 kg). Uranium exists in seawater at an average concentration of 0.003 ppm (also World Nuclear. There are 6.3 million tonnes of thorium in reasonably assured deposits ( World. There are 6.1 million tonnes of uranium in reasonably assured deposits ( World. A breeder reactor with a recycling fuel cycle can pull about 900 MWd/kg out of non-enriched nuclear fuel (natural or depleted uranium or. Plant (and 7.8 SWU) (any old SWU calculator) One kg of 4.8% enriched uranium requires 9.5 kgU natural uranium input to the enrichment. A modern light-water reactor can pull an average of 60 MWd/kg out of its 4.8% enriched. Total world energy consumption of primary energy in 2019 was about 584 exajoules ( BP. Most parts of the world, electricity is about 40% of total energy. We are talking about all primary energy here rather than just electricity. That naturally exists in average crustal granite can handle the first few billion years Help, but are not necessary to achieve ultimate sustainability, since the nuclear fuel Have developed and proven breeder reactors in the past,īut they remain a small minority of our current fleet.Īdvances in seawater uranium extraction would In reactor construction performance and public acceptance. However, benefiting from this billion-year sustainability requires improvements By any reasonable definition, nuclear breeder reactors are indeed Here is the result:īreeder reactors can power all of humanity for more than 4īillion years. How does nuclear fission perform in the sustainability question? This question hasīeen answered quite skillfully by the legendary David MacKay in Sustainable EnergyĬould add our own version as well. Some will last us about as long as the sun, while others may run out soon and are thus not (nuclear fission, geothermal, tidal, fusion). 
Options are derived either directly from sunlight (solar, wind, hydro, biofuel), byĭigging up fossilized organic matter (coal, oil, gas), or from accessing primordial energy
How many batteries do you need to store electricity for a night?Īs shown in our energy flow diagram, our energy resource. Nuclear-friendly statements of famous people. Pandora's Revenge: Defending Pandora's Promise. 100% renewables can be inadvertently anti-nuclear. Greenpeace, CNN, The Hill miss context on radiocarbon release. Sodium and Salt are different in nuclear. Nuclear fuel will last us for 4 billion years. Nuclear energy factlets and calculations. 
Nuclear energy slide deck for schools, etc.A primer on energy, greenhouse gas, intermittency, and nuclear.Computing the energy density of nuclear fuel.Parents' memories of the Chernobyl disaster.How did all that energy get in the nucleus?.
#NUCLEAR FUSION VS FISSION FUEL SUPPLY HOW TO#
How to Kill Nuclear Power With Good Intentions - A Primer.Admiral Rickover's 'Paper Reactor' memo.Notes on Alvin Weinberg's autobiography.
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